Black chickens of the Uheyiluy breed are rare. Their meat and eggs are valued for their high taste and healing properties. Chickens have a well-developed immunity, ability to survive, and maternal instinct. However, caring for them requires compliance with certain rules, which will be discussed later in the article.
The history of development
The first mention of the breed dates back to the reign of the Ming dynasty in China. At the end of the last century, Uheiluil almost died out. The last 2 chickens and 1 cockerel were found by breeders in a village in southern China. From this moment began the revival of the breed, which took several decades.
In the process of genetic research, it was revealed that chickens are of natural origin, they found genes for pheasants, Chinese silk chickens and the Yugan breed.
The breed is very rare, it is difficult to find it even in China. They are protected by the state program and included in the list of the "National Embryonic Resources Conservation Project". Despite this, birds are found in private farms in our country.
Characteristic features of the breed
A feature of chickens is their color. Translated from Chinese, the name ух ей ил ил »» значит значит means 5 black (comb, feathers, skin, bones, meat) and 1 green (eggs). But high-breed chickens are not completely black; they should have a glossy green tint in the plumage and purple in the lobes, crest and front of the head.
Exterior:
- the shape of the body can be described as compact;
- the tail is elongated;
- developed chest and wings;
- plumage is dense, under the feathers there is a thick downy cover;
- black skin;
- big eyes of black color;
- leaf-shaped 5-toothed ridge, more than in other breeds;
- earrings are strongly pronounced;
- paws medium size, stable, black and gray.
An adult hen weighs about 1.5 kg, a rooster up to 2 kg.
Maturity, productivity and taste
Chickens of this breed are referred to the meat-and-egg direction, but they do not differ in high productivity indicators.
Maturity is characterized as mid-ripening - hens begin to rush by 6-8 months.
Egg production is average, per year one hen lays from 160 to 180 eggs weighing 48-53 g with a large yolk (it is 8% more than that of chickens of other breeds). The maximum number of eggs received in the first year of life.
Productivity is maintained for 2 years, then it decreases.
The meat has a high value because it has a delicate structure and many useful substances.
Due to the rarity of the breed, the bird is sent for slaughter in isolated cases.
Healing composition of eggs
Eggs are valued for their high taste and medicinal composition, they are easily digested.
Large amounts of green eggs include:
- vitamins A, E, B;
- selenium;
- iodine;
- zinc;
- lecithin;
- amino acids.
Doctors recommend using them for the following diseases and conditions:
- anorexia;
- pica;
- diseases of the cardiovascular system, during recovery from stroke and heart attack;
- disorders of the thyroid gland, diabetes mellitus;
- hormonal disruptions;
- digestive disorders;
- to lower cholesterol;
- to enhance immunity;
- for the harmonious development of the child's body;
- to slow down aging;
- to replenish protein and collagen in athletes.
The Chinese call Uheilui eggs a product for the mind, health, beauty and life.
Dietary supplements are made on the basis of egg extraction.
Temperament
The following features of the character of black chickens are noted:
- peacefulness - do not conflict with each other and other roommates;
- activity - they do not tolerate cellular content, they need a walk, they fly well and high;
- tension - hens, somewhat shy and fussy;
- family instinct is developed - live in groups;
- roosters - keep order well, protect the family only if necessary;
- the bird quickly gets used to the owner, remembers a large number of words, has high intelligence;
- they cannot stand harsh, loud noises and screams, as well as abuse, in such conditions they begin to get sick.
Molting and break of egg production
Shedding of chickens begins in the fall, when it becomes noticeable reduction in daylight hours. For the period of molting, laying hens cease to produce eggs.
It is not recommended to artificially postpone the molt period to a later date, including lighting in the house, so that egg production will resume faster.
To maintain poultry health, feed doses should be increased and the diet enriched with vitamins and minerals.
Advantages and disadvantages
Chickens Ukheyilyuy are of natural origin, they have strong immunity. They are able to survive in nature, therefore they are not demanding on the conditions of detention.
Other benefits of the breed include:
- an unusual type of bird, especially valuable for exotic lovers;
- beneficial properties of eggs and meat;
- disease resistance;
- high survival rate of chicks;
- good adaptation to new conditions.
The disadvantages include:
- the rarity of the breed, the difficulty of buying hatching eggs and chickens;
- low frost resistance;
- after 2 years of life, egg production decreases.
Content Wuheyiluy
The main criteria for proper maintenance in the household are:
- No drafts and insulation. Build a sturdy chicken house with thick walls, without cracks for hens of Uheiluy breed. In it, maintain the temperature at around 15-17 ° C. As a decrease in this indicator, so its excess is detrimental to chickens.
In winter, install electric heaters or infrared lamps for heating.
Maintain air humidity at around 60%. - Floor and bedding. Make the flooring of wood. Lay a thick layer (12-15 cm) of litter on the floor. In this quality, sawdust or straw is suitable.
- Ventilation. Install the system so that it does not cause drafts, provides a constant flow of fresh air, and prevents an increase in humidity.
- The need to walk. A prerequisite for keeping Uheilui is the possibility of free walking. Chickens must not be kept in cages.
For the period of cold weather, provide for a sufficiently large area of the chicken coop, additionally equip it with ladders and bridges along which chickens can move.
It is possible to release the bird into the walking yard at a temperature not lower than +2 ° С. In windy and rainy weather, it is also best to keep them indoors. - Walking yard. Fence off with a high fence and provide cover from above. This will save shy chickens from unnecessary anxiety, protection during bad weather and prevent the attack of birds of prey.
Sow lawn grass as the flooring of your walking yard. - Lighting. Turn on the lights in your hen house during winter. Daylight hours should last 12-14 hours.
- Dry baths. To clean the feathers and prevent the development of parasitic infestations, install baths with ash and sand (ratio 1: 1) in the summer in the walking yard, in the winter in the poultry house.
- Feeders and drinkers. Each individual should have unhindered access to feeders and drinkers. Calculate the length of the feeder from a ratio of 10-12 cm per 1 chicken. About making a do-it-yourself feeder, it is written here.
Warm the water before filling the drinkers. A bird can start to hurt if it drinks it cold. How to make a drinker yourself, read here. - Perches. Position the poles so that each chicken has enough free space.
- Nests. Equip in a remote, dry and secluded area of the house. Lay the straw inside.
If you need advice on how to make your own chicken coop, then read this article.
Feeding
The full-fledged diet of Uheilui Chickens is no different from other breeds.
Chickens are fed 2 times a day:
- in the morning - cereals;
- in the evening - wet mash with vitamin and mineral supplements.
The bird can eat greens all day without restriction.
Wuheyiluy chickens love foraging green food.
Make sure that the feed does not remain in the feeders, the bird should eat it in 30 minutes. Residues are immediately removed. Not eaten mixers - thrown away.
Daily feed intake chart for laying hens:
Products for 1 individual | Summer | Winter |
Root crops, g / day | 50-60 | 20-25 |
Cereals, g / day | 40-50 | 50-55 |
Mealy products, g / day | 20 | 20-25 |
Chalk, crushed shell rock, g / day | 7 | 7-8 |
Meal, cake, g / day | 6-7 | 6-8 |
Legumes (grain), g / day | 5 | 2 |
Fish, meat and bone and bone meal, cottage cheese, dairy products, g / day | 5 | 5-6 |
Salt, g / day | 0,5 | 0,5 |
Hay, g / day | — | 5-10 |
To keep your bird healthy, adhere to the following feeding rules:
- Diversity. Eating one type of food is harmful to birds. The diet should include various types of grains, vegetables, fruits, herbs and animal feed.
- Premixes. Egg production takes calcium from the body of the bird, so add vitamin premixes to the diet daily.
Premixes and vitamin complexes aimed at increasing egg production should not be given, they harm the health of chickens.
- Calorie content. In the cold period, increase the calorie content of food.
- Mushrooms. Every day, give a mash of boiled potatoes and any vegetables, in the summer add greens and tops there. In the winter, warm the mash, pour warm broth or milk.
Buy ready-made cereal mash or make your own.
To prepare a grain mixer, take the components in the quantity shown in the table below.
Composite table for preparing grain mash:
Ingredients | amount |
Grain (any), g | 500 |
Corn grits, g | 500 |
Wheat groats, g | 500 |
Eggshell | 10-12 |
Grated apples, pcs. | 2-3 |
Table salt, Art. spoons | 1 |
Sunflower cake, handful | 1 |
Then stick to the following sequence:
- Pour all components into an enamel container, mix well.
- Pour boiling water in an amount of 1 liter.
- Stir well again and leave until completely absorbed (about 1 hour).
Maintaining cleanliness
It is very important to keep the chicken habitat clean to prevent disease.
Fundamental rules:
- Spring-cleaning. Spend in the chicken coop once a year in the spring. Remove all dirt, droppings and old bedding. Disinfect with a sulfur checker, lime the walls and ceiling. Ventilate the room and only then can the bird be allowed into it again.
- Maintaining cleanliness. It is necessary to clean the chicken coop at least 1 time per week, make sure that the floor remains dry. Remove the top layer of the litter and add a new one.
- Feeders and drinkers. Cleanse every day. To prevent intestinal infections, wash them with hot water and treat them with a solution of potassium permanganate.
- Nests. Chickens will stop going to the nest if it is dirty. Replace litter in a timely manner and check its condition daily. If an egg breaks in the nest, discard all the litter and wash the nest well.
Chickens should not try raw eggs, this will provoke pecking.
- Bathhouses. Change the sand and ash mixture once a month, or as it gets dirty. Add a new one when decreasing the volume.
Breeding chicks
The peculiarity of chicken breeding is that several breeding roosters must be kept in the yard. If there is only one male, then after a few generations, the breed will begin to degenerate, the chickens will be born weak and sickly, and lose their breed qualities.
Eggs are characterized by high fertility rates.
Of all eggs, 95% are fertilized. The same percentage of survival of the new generation.
Ability to hatch
In hens Uheiliuy breed maternal instinct is well developed. They hatch and care for chickens without assistance.
Roosters tend to replace the hen on the nest.
Chicks hatch on the 21st day of incubation. After hatching, the chick has a black-ash color of down, large black eyes.
Chicks grow slowly by 2 months, females gain up to 600 g, males - 800 g, distinctive plumage appears late. In this regard, up to 3 weeks of age, they are kept in a closed and protected from drafts place, maintaining the temperature at around 28-30 ° C.
Care
Chick handling is not very different from other breeds. Features include:
- Microclimate. Chickens do not tolerate drafts, heat and cold temperatures.
- New place. Chicks cannot be transported or moved until they are 1 week old, better, even later. With a change of location, the threat of mortality increases to 50%.
- Features of the feed. It is good to add cooked hen eggs, especially yolks, to chicken feed.
- Feed mixtures. Chicks are fed with a mixture of boiled yolks and semolina, corn, and wheat grits.
- Complementary feed. Greens are added to the feed, after crushing it, cottage cheese, steamed millet, boiled fish.
- At the age of 1 month. You can feed the chickens with ready-made feeds, add fortified mixtures.
- Water. It should always be fresh and in sufficient quantity.
- Vaccination. It is a prerequisite for raising chickens.
Chicks remain with their mother for up to 3 months, as they differ in timidity.
Diseases and pests
If the conditions of detention are violated, some diseases common among the representatives of birds may develop.
The breeder should pay attention to the following signs in order not to miss the first symptoms:
- decreased or complete lack of appetite;
- unusual behavior, discoordination of movements;
- loss of activity, the bird is standing in one place, the head is lowered or retracted, in younger individuals, wings may drop;
- lack of response to external stimuli;
- swelling of the crest and catkins;
- shortness of breath, coughing, sneezing;
- change in the consistency and color of stool.
If you notice at least one of the symptoms, you should contact your veterinarian as soon as possible.
The most common chicken diseases:
- Infectious. The cause of infection is microorganisms that multiply to release toxins, thereby poisoning the host's body. Chicken can become infected from wild birds and animals, people, infected poultry. You need to treat diseases under the supervision of a veterinarian. Only a specialist will be able to determine the nature of the disease and prescribe the necessary drugs.
- Non-infectious. Caused as a result of improper conditions of detention or by mechanical action of external factors. These diseases include:
- trauma;
- exposure to heat, cold, electricity, atmospheric pressure and precipitation;
- vitamin deficiencies;
- baldness - loss of feathers due to pecking or lack of vitamins.
Baldness should be distinguished from autumn molt.
You can get rid of these diseases by improving the living conditions and balancing the diet, supplementing it with vitamin and mineral complexes.
- Parasitic. This group includes diseases caused by the defeat of the bird by small parasites, such as:
- Helminths. Internal invasion is accompanied by a loss of activity, diarrhea, and a deterioration in appearance.
- Ticks Small insects that feed on the bird's blood, draining it. The disease is manifested by restless behavior, refusal to lay in the usual place, small wounds can be seen on the skin. Control includes the use of insecticides (Pyrethrium, Ecoflees) and disinfection of the chicken coop.
- Puff lice and lice. Less frightening than ticks, but also inconvenience to the bird - it becomes restless, egg production decreases, itches constantly. With severe damage, anemia develops. You can detect it visually - by carefully examining the bird and nests. To get rid of, they use Beafar, Frontline, Bars. Litter in the chicken coop and nests is replaced with a new one, the old one is burned.
Lice can carry infections and helminth eggs.
Acquisition
On the territory of Russia to get material for breeding Uheyilyuy Breeds is not easy, but possible. The price will be approximately the following:
- hatching eggs - about 500 rubles. for 1 pc;
- chickens - 800 to 3000 rubles for the 1st, depending on age;
- young chickens - 10,000 rubles. for 1 bird.
The best option would be to purchase black chickens in China. So you can be sure of the pure blood of the representatives and the price for them will be lower.
Reviews of the hens Uheilui
Larisa, 38 years old. Tried many medications for thyroid problems, but to no avail. Once, I was advised to eat the eggs of the black Wuheyilu hens. With difficulty, but they got the layers and six months later my nodes resolved in a miraculous way.
The birds themselves have a peaceful character, good egg production rates and delight the eye with an outlandish look. The only problems can be called low frost resistance and the need for a vast area of the chicken coop and walking.
Sergey, 58 years old. Uheyiluy got his 2 chickens and a cockerel because of his addiction to the unusual (before that he kept pheasants). They walk so beautifully. But, I noticed that they do not get along well with the neighbors, either they have such a character, or there is not enough space. I had to plant it. And the hens immediately began to lay, and soon sat on the eggs. Now I am the proud owner of a whole herd of black chickens.
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Chickens Uheyilui have an eye-catching appearance, docile nature, high resistance to diseases and good productivity. But, they do not tolerate low temperatures, egg production drops after 2 years of life, and incubation material is very expensive and rarely found even in China.